Matthew Effect

Matthew Effect (Matthew Effect), refers to the strong stronger and the weak weaker phenomenon, widely used in many fields of social psychology, education, finance, and science. Its name from the Bible New Testament · Matthew in a parable: "Where some, but also add to him called him redundant;, even what he has will be taken away from him." Matthew Effect " inconsistent with the balance at the "Pareto rule" similar, is important to the natural law. Edit Summary Economic demon Matthew effect unique conditions for growth and expansion of the large state-owned enterprises, private enterprises difficult growth probability and difficulty squeeze into the upper classes of society, while the labor force living in the lowest stratum of society in their offspring also very large. Add to shortlist Directory 1 Introduction 2 Source 3 social phenomenon 4 expansion 5 Application 1 Introduction 2 Source 3 social phenomenon 4 expansion 5 Application 5.1 Economics 5.2 Social Psychology 5.3 Organic Chemistry 5.4 Library and Information Science Matthew Effect - Introduction Matthew Effect Matthew Effect (Matthew Effect), the better is good, bad worse and worse, and much more, less and less of a phenomenon. The name comes from a parable in the Bible, Matthew ". Twenty-five chapters of the Bible and the New Testament, "Matthew says so:" Where hath, to him told him to excess; not, even what he has will be taken from him. " In 1968, the history of science researcher Robert Morton (Robert K. Merton) proposed the term used to generalize a social psychological phenomenon: "relative to those unknown researchers, prominent scientists usually get more prestige their achievements are similar, the same way, in the same project, the reputation is usually given to those who are already well-known researchers, for example, an award almost always granted to the most senior researchers, even if all the work is completed a graduate student. ' Robert Morton summarized the "Matthew Effect": any individual, group, or region, once a (eg, money, fame, status, etc.) to obtain success and progress, it will produce an accumulation of advantage, there will be more many opportunities to achieve greater success and progress. Borrow this term economic circles, unfair income distribution reflects the poor poorer and the rich richer, winner-take-all economics. Often borrow the term social psychology. Matthew Effect - sources Matthew effect Matthew effect the name from a parable in the Bible New Testament · Matthew. Bible in Matthew Chapter XXV by so few words: "Where some, but also gave him told him to excess; does not have, even what he has will be taken away." 1968 history of science researchers Morton a social psychological phenomenon summarized with this sentence: "already considerable reputation of scientists to make scientific contributions to give honor more and more, not for those who are not well-known scientists admit that they achievements. "Morton will this social psychological phenomenon named" Matthew Effect ". Matthew effect reveals a growing demand for personal and enterprise resource principles related to personal success and a happy life, so it is an important principle of the impact of corporate development and personal success. Matthew Effect - social phenomenon Matthew "Matthew Effect" is widespread in the social and economic sphere, for example, international trends between regions mainly two different perspectives: a convergence hypothesis of neoclassical growth theory. The hypothesis that, due to the law of diminishing returns of capital, when the developed regions of the diminishing returns of capital, capital will flow yet to diminishing returns in the less developed regions, the developed areas of growth has slowed, while the less developed regions growth accelerated, eventually leading to the degree of convergence of the two types of areas developed. Another view is that, when taking into account the system, human resources, and other factors, often there will be a different result, and presents the "Matthew Effect" Development divergence "between developed areas and underdeveloped areas. In another example, the talent crisis is a world phenomenon, talent possession "Matthew Effect" will become more apparent: possession of more talent, more attractive for talent;, in turn, more recognized talent scarcity. In addition, the "Matthew effect" exists in the scientific and academic research, more research is often the more famous, the more the more famous people results, the last academic authority. Matthew Effect - Extended Matthew effect in 1968, the history of science researcher Robert Morton (Robert K · Merton) for the first time with the "Matthew Effect" to describe this social psychological phenomenon. "The honor given to the contribution to the already considerable reputation of scientists more and more, and for those who are not well-known scientists refused to recognize their achievements." Social psychologists believe that the "Matthew Effect" is both negative role and a positive role in the social psychological phenomenon. Its negative role: celebrities not famous dry out the same results, the former often superiors praise, the reporter interviews, ask for advice and visitors followed various Laurel also pick a one floated, the results tend to make the some people because there is no clear self-understanding and no sensible attitude and grown arrogant or somersault on the road of life; latter nobody cares, or even suffer blame and jealousy. Positive role: First, you can prevent the premature recognition of those not mature results or premature to accept the seemingly correct results; Second, the "Matthew effect" arising from "honor append" and "Honor lifelong "and other phenomena, a huge attraction nameless, promote nameless to struggle, and this struggle must have celebrity was well ahead of past achievements to aspire to honor. [1] "Matthew Effect" is widespread in society. In particular, is a widespread phenomenon in the economic field: Hengqiang weak constant weak, or that the winner-take-all. Matthew Effect - Applications Economics Reflect the unequal distribution of income in the poor become poorer and the rich richer, and the winner-take-all economics phenomenon. Social Psychology The long-term Matthew Effect in education is the use of psychologist Keith of Stano Wick (Keith E. Stanovich), he was widely done a study of reading skills and language disability. Stano Wake term "Matthew effect" to describe the early success to obtain the ability to read, this phenomenon usually lead to success as learners Adult Should no reading can be obtained in the first three years or four years ability, may cause long-term, difficult to learn different new skills. The backward children start reading, but also will increase the gap between them and their peers. Later, when the students need to "reading to learn" (which, before learning to read), their reading difficulties caused by the problem of learning most other subjects. In this way, their knowledge and abilities will gradually decline and further behind academic the decline increased more than their peers. The higher the students' ability to read, the faster growth of vocabulary and knowledge of the world, the more the results to further enhance the ability to read, both benign cycle; lower the ability to read, the slower growth of vocabulary and knowledge of the world, the less This result is further impeded the development of reading ability, both vicious cycle. Thus, a high reading ability of children, children with low reading skills, language proficiency, knowledge of the world smart performance, the difference is only increasing, the poor become poorer and the rich richer, and always beyond repair . Therefore, if the teachers and parents of backward children hold a wait-and-see, this idea is unrealistic to expect their reading ability increased with age naturally in time. Organic Chemistry A famous textbook of organic chemistry, "Louis Fischer (LF Fieser) and Mary Fischer (M. Fieser): Organic Chemistry Introduction" (Introduction to Oganic Chemistry, Boston: Heath, 1957) "mentioned: plug Norio (Saytzeff, 1875), empirical rules, dehydration of alcohol, hydrogen will first be separated from the adjacent carbon atoms, hydrogen more scarce. "with a note in the discussion of this law: Matthew Chapter 25, 29, ... 'not even he has will be taken away from him.' ", apparently Matthew not only exist in human behavior and social processes being. Library and Information Science Matthew Effect helps to improve the scientific achievements of prominent scientists visibility. "Matthew Effect" information generation and distribution in the generation, transmission and use of social information flow process, information and related factors often show obvious trends in the core and centralized orientation, as few publishers become the authority of certain types of books publishing institutions (core), one of the few scientific journals published a large number of papers on the subject areas and become the core journals in the field, to become a certain minority of (information producers) written up, the highest rate of The core of the field; handful of sites focused on a large number of users, the transfer function is strong vocabulary is often selected; 80% of the citations in the SCI concentrated in the 15% to 20% of the journals phenomenon. Journal work as a social activity, by the domination and control of the Matthew effect, mainly as follows: 1, the high-yielding authors appear ─ ─ papers concentrate on the trend; 2, the formation of the core publications the ─ ─ literature concentrated trends; Of distribution uneven ─ ─ of central tendency; 4, the papers accelerate the aging-time central tendency. Matthew central tendency journals, so that information concentrated, focused, information reduced the waste of resources, the formation mechanism of competition between the publication conducive to the readers as soon as possible to obtain the required information accurately. To suppress but do not need or excessive accumulation of advantage, to pay sufficient attention given to papers with original ideas at odds with the traditional view of young research scientist, to overcome the negative effects of celebrity, should also be careful of excellent papers distributed unevenly caused by the outflow of and the impact of China's scientific research work.撤消修改