Submarine Open Category: Chinese Navy submarine countries water weapons Naval Weapons

Submarine Open Category: Chinese Navy submarine countries water weapons Naval Weapons Edit entry Share Awakening social Sina microblogging Tencent microblogging network QQ space everyone happy Netease microblogging 001 End of the World Fetion space MSN mobile lobbyists Submarines, also known as submarine ships, referring mainly to run underwater. The submarines, including large ships (mainly military), medium-sized or small boat (Pocket submarine, submersible). It is one of the major naval vessels of the Navy. Has good invisibility, greater self-sufficiency in force, endurance and a strong assault powerful. Used to attack land-based strategic objectives, large, medium-sized surface ships and submarines, attacked coastal facilities and land an important goal, and mine-laying, reconnaissance, removal of special personnel landing. Edit Summary Directory 1 Introduction 2 Development history 3 deep dive principle 4 power plant 5 Structure 1 Introduction 1.1 submarines use 1.2 submarine combat role 2 Development history 3 deep dive principle 4 power plant 4.1 diesel-powered breathing tube 4.2 of Nuclear Power 4.3 absolute gas propulsion system 5 Structure 6 weapons systems 7 navigation system 8 communications equipment 9 living facilities 9.1 submarines oxygen source 9.2 lifesaving equipment 10 Category 10.1 a military submarine 11 designers Level of 12 Chinese submarines and history Submarine - Introduction Virginia-class submarines of the U.S. submarine uses Widely used submarines for military purposes, but also for military purposes. Military purposes including attacking enemy warships or submarines, near-shore protection, blockade, laid mines, reconnaissance and transport tasks such as special units. The submarine's initial military applications is in the First World War, and many large multinational naval equipment. The submarine widely used in World War II, played an important role in naval warfare. The submarine's non-military purposes, including marine scientific research, salvage, exploration, mining, scientific detection, maintenance of equipment, as professional tools such as search and rescue, or undersea cable repair, can be used to do the sea travel The tourism industry and academic surveys, in the seaside tourist places such as Hawaii, Hainan Island, also has a tourist submarine. Even under the sea as a super-rich mobile mansion. Submarine combat role The submarine combat combat role is: Destroy the transport ship, destroy the enemy's sea lines of communication; attacks and medium-sized surface ships and submarines; land-based strategic objectives to carry out attacks, to destroy the enemy's military, political and economic center; perform Bray, reconnaissance , rescue and repatriation of special personnel landing. Submarines, mainly by the hull, steering systems, power units, weapons systems, navigation systems, detection systems, communication equipment, the sound of water against, life-saving equipment and living life facilities. The submarine was originally a wide range of military applications play an important role in the First World War, and in many large national naval. Military purposes including attacking enemy warships or submarines, near-shore protection, blockade, laid mines, reconnaissance and transport tasks such as special units. The submarine's non-military purposes, including marine scientific research, salvage, worthy of exploration, mining, scientific detection, maintenance of equipment, can also be used as professional tools such as search and rescue, or undersea cable repair, can be used as a sea The tourism industry and the academic investigation, even under the sea as a super-rich mobile mansion. The wide variety of submarine the civilian diving detectors, it ranges from small automatic boat operating one or two persons of a certain number of hours, maintain up to 3-6 months to hundreds of people like the Russian Typhoon class nuclear submarines submerged standby . Modern deep-sea submarine work originated in deep-sea diving deeper than human divers can survive or work place. Most large submarines contain a cylindrical body and a usually fixed midship vertical structure (bridge), it there are communications, sensors and periscope. This bridge structure early special compartment known as the "control tower" - a separation in cylindrical hull placement periscope and control equipment. The deep submarine or professional submarines often protruding bridge. Countries disarmament or arms expansion negotiations has generally been recognized as a strategic weapon. Most submarines are used for military purposes, and only a small number of submarines used for scientific research, tourism and other non-military purposes. The submarines - Development history The 1800 Nautilus 1770s, Americans D. Bushnell built a single manipulation Muke boat "sea turtles", through the foot valve to the tank water, the boat can dive to underwater 6 meters, can stay under water for about 30 minutes. In September 1776, the "Turtle" submarine attack on the British warship moored in New York Harbor Eagle ", although not successful, but creating a the submarine first attack warships try. The end of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century is an important period of development of the submarine. In 1801, the Americans R. Fulton built Nautilus submarine, the hull is the hob copper shell the captain seven meters, carrying two mines, manipulation by 4 people. Water folding mast, sail for power. Underwater using a hand-cranked propeller propulsion. The 1860s, the American Civil War, "Henry submarine built by the Yugoslav Army is about 12 meters, was the cigar-shaped, with eight people shaking propeller forward speed of 4, the use of mines attack enemy ships. The night of 17 February 1864, "Henry" water mines sunk the the North army battleship "ho Sartori Nick", the first submarine sank the warship's wars. September 1880, the first submarine built in Tianjin, boat shape, such as olive, underwater travel, very agile, underwater BCC mines placed under letters of marque. In 1863, the French built submarine Diver, use the power of 58.8 kW (80 hp) compressed air engine for power, speed 2.4, can be submerged in water 3 hours, dive depth of 12 meters. In 1886, the British built the submarine "Nautilus", the use of battery propulsion, Speed ​​6, with a cruising range of about 80 nautical miles. In 1897, the United States built the "Holland" a Ⅵ No. submarine, the water use 33 kilowatts (45 horsepower) of gasoline power unit, Speed ​​7, 1000 sea miles endurance; underwater use motor-powered, Speed ​​5 Jie, life force 50 nautical miles , this is the beginning of the submarine dual propulsion system. Retired submarines in Qingdao Naval Museum in 1866, the British R. Whitehead made a torpedo. 1881 T. Nord Felt and G. Garrett the "Nordisk Felt submarine construction, for the first time equipment torpedo tubes; same year, the United States to build the" Holland "II submarine can the underwater launch torpedo torpedo tubes, this is an important development in the history of submarine development. In 1863, the French built a "diver" submarine. The design of the hull to imitate the shape of dolphins, 42.67 meters long with a displacement of 420 tons. Use a power of 59 kW (80 hp) steam engine for power, speed 2.4, can be submerged in water 3 hours, dive depth of 12 m. "Divers" steam engine powered dimension exceeds all submarine has become the largest submarine in the 20th century before. The submarine has become in the last 10 years of the 19th century, at least a potential deterrent weapons. However, due to the Navy of the United Kingdom, the United States and other major powers on the submarine remained skeptical, and always think the submarines only weapons used to attack the weaker countries, and this hinders the development of the submarine. The beginning of the 20th century, the submarine is equipped gradually improve the performance gradually improved, and appear to have some real ability submarine. These submarines using double-shell, airworthiness, amounting to one hundred tons displacement, the use of diesel engines - motor dual propulsion system, the surface speed of about 10 to 15 underwater speed of 6 to 8, significantly improved endurance; weapons and artillery, mines and torpedoes. Before World War I, the main naval countries have submarines, more than 260 vessels, to become one of the Navy's combat forces. Submarine - deep dive principle World War II German Navy U-XXI type submarines diagram for submarines dive float, underwater balanced change depth. Submarine main ballast water tanks filled with water, add weight to offset the reserve buoyancy to dive from the surface of the water. The water from the main ballast water tanks with compressed air, the weight is reduced reserve buoyancy recovery that surfaced from underwater. The lifeboat has specialized buoyancy adjustment tank for injection or discharge the right amount of water to adjust the submarine buoyancy due to the consumption of supplies, ammunition and seawater density change caused by the change. The first boat, the boat tail also has a trim balance tank, first by adjusting the tail balance tank water to eliminate the submarine underwater may arise trim. The first boat and each has a pair of horizontal tail elevator, some submarines in the command room surrounded shell to install a pair of horizontal elevator needs to manipulation submarine transform and maintain submerged depth. Equipped with a propeller and rudder, aft guarantee the submarine sailing and tacking. The submarines - power device Diesel-powered breathing tube The Royal Navy tiger cat diesel generator No. earliest ever tried as a the submarine power source of compressed air, human, steam, fuel and electricity and so on. The real mature first submarine power source in a diesel engine with an electric motor as a common power source (diesel-electric). The basic structure of the breathing tube is very simple, is a elongated vent pipe to the outside air to the diesel engine emissions generated through the breathing tube row to send out additional Additional prevent seawater to enter and will enter waters excluded pipeline. Allows submarines to use diesel engines, so the submarine periscope depth case you do not have to go up to supplement the electricity through the use of a breathing tube. The breathing tube substantial change practices and flexibility of the submarine. Before using the breathing tube, the submarine must be surfaced for ventilation and charging job, while the operating time limit at night. After the breathing tube, the submarine simply breathing tube above sea level charge of the work to be carried out, not only reduces the submarine was found that the probability of also expansion the submarines can charge the timing. Nuclear power Nuclear power is Following diesel-powered development after a driving force. The principle of nuclear power is the high temperatures generated by nuclear reactors to generate steam in a steam engine to drive a steam turbine driven propeller or generator power. The first successful submarine install nuclear reactors is the U.S. Navy's submarine Nautilus, the world publicly declared five countries with nuclear power, which the highest proportion of use in the United States and Russia. The United States announced that it would no longer even in 1958 the construction of non-nuclear-powered submarines. Compared to conventional diesel-electric submarines nuclear-powered submarines, power output and high power endurance (fuel supplement of the nuclear-powered submarine replacement is usually more than 10 years, only a few weeks or a few months compared to diesel-powered submarines greatly increased, so it is usually considered infinite life), speed, etc.. The nuclear-powered submarines there are technical difficulty, poor stability, the high cost of construction, noise, and high maintenance requirements shortcomings. Diesel-electric submarines and absolute gas propulsion technology development, nuclear-powered submarines is no longer the standard of advanced submarines powered only. Absolute gas propulsion system AIP Air-Independent Propulsion short, the Chinese called absolute gas propulsion. In 1930, Germany, Dr. Walter (Walter) hydrogen peroxide as fuel, power machine system, after several years of research and testing at the end of World War II, Walter invented the "Walter-power machine", the principle is driven by the combustion of hydrogen peroxide internal combustion engine work, due to excessive combustion of hydrogen peroxide reflecting produce oxygen, so no additional air, the the early Walter-power machine is not reliable because the reaction of hydrogen peroxide prone to spontaneous combustion, so the German production of several ships XVIIB to hydrogen peroxide powered submarines. Although the absolute gas propulsion has greatly improved the ability of the diesel-powered submarines, but due to the poor stability of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, making absolute gas propulsion security is often questioned. In fact, regardless of early Walt trials after World War II the United States, the Soviet Union's in-depth study, all more or less accidents and problems. Modern absolute gas propulsion device class air enclosed diesel engine, closed cycle steam turbine, Sterling closed power machine, and fuel cell. The structure of the submarine - Los Angeles-class attack submarines can clearly see its cigar casing modern submarines are usually cigar has been a great change in this design compared to the earliest Turtle egg-shaped, so the housing also commonly referred to as "water drop shell. Submarine designers have found water drop shell is found underwater path of least resistance casing shape, this shape was poor ability to resist the waves some floating. The German submarine developed technology and ideas have been a huge change, they began to focus on underwater speed and build the first underwater speed faster than water submarine - U-XXI type, followed by the construction of a U- XXIII type. These two types of submarines not only used near water drop case, first revoke the the submarine deck on the deck artillery, the bridge part nearly streamlined ", so that the submarine is not only faster and compared to the time the Allies quieter submarines, underwater combat strength. Modern submarines in the water drop outside the enclosure usually have laying anechoic tiles, is actually a way to reduce this boat sound radiation and absorb external sonic material, making the submarine quieter. The highlight of the bridge of the submarine upper shell around part of the growth periscope and radio antenna length. Generally speaking, the bridge confining shell usually have radio equipment, radar, electronic warfare equipment, through the trachea and other equipment. Roughly divided into two "schools" - single-shell structure with double-shell structure in the development of modern military submarines structure. The monocoque structure name suggests is a layer of shell to withstand outside that pressure to maintain the lifeboat Pressure. Double casing is out of the casing plus loaded layer of the casing, this layer of the casing is called the "outer housing", "light housing" is also often referred to as the "non-pressure hull. The shell itself does not withstand the pressure, like internal shell monocoque structure to withstand external pressure to maintain the internal pressure. The advantage of the double hull pressure hull material requirements to be much lower than the single shell, but also laid a lot of pressure equipment, such as the the sonar probe emplaced non-pressure hull, so that not only reduce the pressure-resistant hull space but also significantly decreased anti-pressure operation of these devices to reduce the pressure hull and the pressure hull deformation. Once the submarine by the shock, impact, when in actual combat, although the outer shell may have been Devastate, but due to the effective protection of the internal pressure hull, resulting in the safety of the submarine to be effectively protected. Outer casing internal retrofitting muffler material also can greatly reduce the interior noise, to improve quiet capability. Another double-shell structure of the submarine reserve buoyancy, anti-sinking submarine are generally higher than the single shell. The displacement of the double hull submarines are too large, which caused the increase in the the submarines resistance and noise. Second, the structure of the double hull requirements of the welding process and the cost is much higher than the single shell, virtually increase the the submarine manufacturing cycle and reduce the cost-effective. But it is worth mentioning that Alfa-class submarine of the Soviet Union had considered the manufacture of single shell to improve the speed and reduce the displacement and the United States in recent years also intend to manufacture the submarine in order to improve the loading capacity of the double-shell structure, quietness and operability. The submarine - weapons systems Australian Navy Mark-48 torpedo test Atlas ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, anti-submarine missiles, torpedoes, mines, weapons and their control systems and launching devices. Ballistic missiles, strategic missile submarines main weapon for attacking land targets, a strategic missile submarines equipped with ballistic missiles, 12 to 24. An attack submarines to carry cruise missiles, anti-submarine missiles from 8 to 24 or 12 to 24 torpedoes. Cruise missiles, tactical cruise missiles and strategic cruise missiles. Tactical cruise missiles, is mainly used to attack large, medium-sized surface ships; strategic cruise missiles, mainly used to attack land targets. Anti-submarine missiles, a Rocket Assisted torpedoes or depth charges, some nuclear charge, is mainly used to attack submarines. Torpedo, with direct flights torpedo wake homing torpedoes, acoustic homing torpedoes, and wire-guided torpedoes, mainly used for ship, submarine attack. Submarine mines, sub-sink to the bottom mines, anchor Ray the SLMM, etc., laid in enemy bases, ports and waterways near for destroying enemy ships or enemy blockade. Weapon control system is the use of digital computers, can be calculated simultaneously tracking several groups of target, providing the basis for decision making, to find the best target shooting array bit and calculated target firing arms fire command automation. The submarines - navigation system Including the magnetic compass, gyro compass, odometer meter, depth sounder, Track since plotter, autopilot and radio, Stars, satellite, inertial navigation equipment and so on. Inertial navigation system able to continuously and accurately provide submarine underwater boat position and heading, speed, vertical and horizontal inclination information. NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, the submarines at sea instant positioning accuracy of about 10 meters. Detection equipment periscope, radar, sonar and radar reconnaissance warning receiver. The submarine the underwater will periscope lens liter out of the water, can be used to the sight of the sea, air and coastal, determination of the orientation of the target, the distance and estimated its movement elements. On modern submarine periscope mounted laser rangefinder, thermal imaging, night vision and other sensors with night observation, photography and celestial positioning functions (see submarine periscope). Radar by radar lifting antenna can be measured in a certain depth of the underwater target orientation, distance and motion elements ensure submarine navigational safety and the implementation of a torpedo or missile attack surface ships, the radar reconnaissance alarm receiver antenna specialized lifting mast or parasites on the other lifting devices to ensure that the submarine periscope the sailed state when the enemy radar reconnaissance and warning. The sonar submarine activities detection tools, noisy sonar and echo sonar. Noise sonar on ships passive identification, tracking, direction finding and ranging; echo sonar can take the initiative for the determination of the target position, distance and movement elements. In addition, mine detection sonar measuring ice sonar identification sonar and acoustic line trajectory instrument. The submarines - communication equipment Shortwave, FM transceiver, very long wavelength receiver, satellite communications and underwater acoustic communications equipment. The submarine shore command center in shortwave communication receiver shore command post Telecommunications very long wavelength receiver, and implementation of short-range communication with other ships, aircraft or coastal contacted the main use of ultrashort wave communication. The submarine can lift antenna receiver in some depth, drag antenna receiver in greater depth. Satellite communications, allows submarines via satellite and shore command, communication, communication distance. Underwater acoustic communication for underwater communication and identification with other submarines, surface ships. In order to ensure the hidden nature of the communication, the submarine is generally one-way communication, the use of ultra-fast communication systems enables the submarine to shore command post letters in a very short moment. Reconnaissance sonar and underwater acoustic interference equipment for underwater acoustic warfare equipment. Reconnaissance sonar, the reconnaissance target active sonar sound waves emitted its technical parameters. Interference from underwater acoustic equipment mainly underwater acoustic jammers, water Decoy (submarine simulator) gas curtain bomb, used to suppress, confusion, lured open enemy sonar tracking or acoustic homing torpedo attack. The submarines - life facilities Including air fresheners, air control, the detection of radioactive contamination, temperature and humidity regulation system, life living and diet, water, lighting, excretion, medical facilities, and for maintaining the appropriate lifeboat survival and activity environment to protect crew health. The submarines in oxygen sources Submariners breathe oxygen mainly from four areas: ventilation tube device, air conditioning unit, air reproducing apparatus and air purification devices. Snorkel device is a tube can lift when sailing in coastal waters or at night, submarines sometimes go up to periscope depth, in meters or more than ten meters deep from the surface of the water out the periscope to observe the surface of the water and the air, the enemy's situation, such as conditions allow the outtake up out of the water, the air through pipe into the submarine cabin, cabin polluted air exhaust pipe through the shell around the rear of the podium with the exhaust fan discharge, reduced interior air convection, can keep the fresh air . Periscope depth in tactical terms called dangerous depth concealed sake, submarines are afraid to use this work because it is vulnerable to enemy anti-submarine forces found in the coastal waters also easy to shock or upset fishnet. The air conditioning unit is to keep the lifeboat of temperature, humidity, etc., so that the crew have a comfortable living environment and working conditions, while ensuring the normal operation of the electronic equipment, which itself does not produce oxygen. 3. Air regeneration apparatus is an apparatus of oxygen is generated, it is composed by the regenerative blower, oxygen plant, carbon dioxide absorption means. Fan will work cabin dirty air by wind tube evacuated to a carbon dioxide absorption means to remove carbon dioxide, and then added in the treated air generated by the oxygen plant and the oxygen, and then sent to the various compartments duct for crew breathing, and so on, in order to achieve the purpose of air fresheners. This air regeneration device is usually the electrolysis of water can also be used to oxygen, the decomposition of oxygen available for 70 to 100 people breathing for several hours, but because of too much power, not suitable for conventional submarines. In addition, there are some of the oxygen in the pre-stored method, such as regenerative medicine board, oxygen bottles, liquid oxygen and oxygen candles like. Regenerative medicine plate is an obsolete by various chemical substances, and the filler made of perforated plate, the air flow will be able to produce a chemical reaction to generate oxygen. With regenerative medicine board general submarines, 500 to 1500 hours. Oxygen bottle oxygen stored in a high pressure vessel, used to open the valve to bleed, mainly for the diving bell, bathyscaphs. The liquid oxygen is also a the oxygen bottles similar to the high-pressure container, it is available for 90 days 100 crew. Oxygen candle is the Candle A chemical materials made of combustible material, made oxygen to ignite. A 1-foot, 3-inch diameter oxygen candles emit oxygen available for 40 people to breathe one hour. Air cleaning devices lifeboat air of harmful gases and impurities control in allowable standard value following a processing device, commonly used in the following four: First, eliminate hydrogen combustion devices, it is mainly electric heater. The air flowing through the heating, and then to make the hydrogen in the catalytic effect of the catalytic combustion bed, the oxygen generating chemical reaction to generate steam, hydrogen is burned out. Second, is harmful to the gas combustion apparatus, and the way it works with a first substantially identical, but it is flared harmful gases. Third, the carbon dioxide purification apparatus, which through a special chemical liquid to absorb carbon dioxide. Fourth, the activated carbon filter with activated carbon filter is composed by a special charcoal porous adsorbents to absorb the harmful gases, and thus achieve the purpose of air purification. Life-saving equipment Wreck buoy and single life-saving. Submarine accident and emit of wreck buoys to mark the submarine wreck location, and contact with the outside world. Single life-saving device available for the crew through the torpedo tubes, the command room designed to escape with life-saving Gateway sets the water from the boat. The submarine accident, by submarines or lifeboat into the high-pressure gas discharge the main ballast water tanks of water, so that the submarine surfaced submarine main ballast the water cabin is also equipped with a the emergency blow drainage system. Submarine - Category Heaven operation torpedo divided military submarines and civilian submarine Bowfin Submarine Museum in Hawaii on display in the back A. Military submarines In accordance with the classification of submarine size: large (more than 2000 tons displacement), medium (displacement 600-2000 tons), small (displacement of 100-600 tons) and pocket (a displacement of 100 tons) submarines. Classified in accordance with the mission, can be divided into the attack submarines, cruise missiles, submarines and ballistic missile submarines. Classification, then the hull structure, double-hull submarines and single-hull submarines (For details, see the structure for some). Submarine classification, can be divided into the diesel-electric submarines, nuclear submarines. Attack submarines The so-called attack submarines in fact is a distinction in terms of strategic submarines. This submarine is mainly based on attacking enemy ships, submarines and over the sea under the target as the main task. Usually have very little, or just have a few orders of magnitude the ability of the land on the empty. These submarines main Wubei the early chisel boat drill, the touch explosive gradually developed, until the First World War, torpedoes, mines, and the deck gun became the standard equipment of the submarine weapons. With the high-speed development of the World War II German U-submarine underwater, deck guns since after the U-XXI type exit the stage of history. Cruise missile submarine Oscar-class nuclear submarines with the development of the submarine, and another weapon - missiles became another direction of development of the submarine. V-II missiles became the German ideals submarine weapon, the World War II German installation on missile submarine had begun to study this research project with the spoils of war become Americans. In February 1964, the United States on the SS-348 cod No. install "Tiens Star" cruise missile launch test success. However, with the United States in the late 1960s to the 1970s the rapid development of the submarine ballistic missiles, submarines, cruise missiles along with abandon. With the end of the Cold War, the large-scale nuclear confrontation ends and war localized trend makes the United States also recognize the importance of the cruise missile submarine. In September 2002, the United States began as four Ohio-class nuclear submarines converted into cruise missile launchers as well as special forces put on the boat. And the subsequent development of wiki Virginia-class attack submarine also installed 12 cruise missile launch tube. Ballistic missile submarine Typhoon-class nuclear submarines, ballistic missile submarines of the Cold War "mutually assured destruction" an important tool for thinking. To when we suffered a devastating nuclear strike, land-based ballistic missiles and space-based strategic bombers enemy nuclear weapons to project power has been destroyed, ballistic missile submarines as a covert nuclear attack force to give the enemy a devastating The combat, which is referred to as the "second nuclear strike". In more before 1959, the first ballistic missile submarines in the United States, Washington put into service. The installation is a range of 2200 kilometers Polaris missile. In 2007, the Chinese government publicly newly developed 093 submarine, unofficial channels also released some 094 nuclear submarines news, the submarine is the JL-2 missile. Civil submarine Research with submarines Under-sea research submersible submarine was originally a tool for underwater exploration in the earliest. The earliest submarine is evolved by the Diving Bell, The Diving Bell usually does not have its own power, need water vessels drag road. But then the submarine the militarization makes submarines for civilian purposes once stagnant. Subsequently accompanied World War II, and the rise of the marine scientific research and civilian research submarine revival. Civilian research submarine, the development of the most advanced technology in the United States and Japan. January 23, 1960, Americans Piccard and Walsh by "-2" Trieste dive to a depth of 10,916 meters in the Mariana Trench, the Pacific, setting a manned submersible dive depth world record. In 1995, the Mariana Trench, the deepest in the world, the Japan Trench "No. submerged water depth of 10,970 meters, a record unmanned submersible deepest dive record. Sightseeing with submarines With the development of science and technology and the opening up of the submarine market, sightseeing submarine has become the new mobile mansion "in some rich also become a sea popular tourist places Strait tourism equipment. Ruby Design Bureau design and manufacture of a sea tourist submarine. This submarine is named the the "Sha Duoke" (Sadko). The submarine can carry 40 passengers, safe dive depth of 100 meters, the ultimate depth of 200-250 meters, and usually only in the depth of about 40 meters sneak to guarantee security and crew are equipped with underwater escape equipment. The boat is equipped with three staff responsible for the manipulation of the submarines and passenger services. Since 2001, investment in tourism in Cyprus this submarine service. Submarine - Designer Made the greatest contribution to the development of modern submarines, was undoubtedly the American submarine designer - John Holland. John Holland was born in 1841 in the the Ireland the Langley Skye satisfied town, his father is an employee of the British Coast Guard. Father's occupation Holland grew up on the ocean and warships full of curiosity. Secondary school graduation, his father unfortunately died, young Holland was forced to end their studies, to a school as a science teacher, to stir up the burden of family life. In the meantime, Holland while working, while designed submarines. In 1873, Holland resigned from the work of teachers, to the United States with his submarine design drawings. In the United States, his side in a church school teacher, while perfecting his submarine design. In 1875, Holland will plan for the construction of new submarine sent to the Department of the Navy. The submarine was named for the number of "Holland - I" is driven by a single-person submarine. Captain of five meters, equipped with a gasoline internal combustion engine, 3.5 nautical miles per hour speed sailing. The submarines - Chinese submarine level with history Chinese Song-class submarines in addition to the new procurement Kilo (Kilo) class, as well as early type of 031, 033 is still the original NATO Russian-made Golf ("G-class") and Romeo (Romeo, referred to as "R-class") The class named, the other is based on the ancient Chinese dynasties named Xia, Shang, Han, Jin, Song, Yuan, Ming several levels. The only exception is the modification of the R-Class (can be emitted at the surface anti-ship missiles), into the level of the single-ship "Wuhan" class submarine No. 351. In August 1950, the People's Liberation Army Navy Jianjun policy clearly states: based on existing forces, and focus on the development of the new PT boats, submarines and naval air forces (referred to as "empty, latent, and fast"), gradually building a strong The National Navy. Choose to give priority to the development of the submarine, is undoubtedly a wise move for the People's Liberation Army Navy. In April 1951, the People's Liberation Army Navy established the 275 submarines learning team in Lushun tiger tail to the Soviet Navy Pacific Fleet submarine detachment learning. In June 1954, the first branch of the PLA Navy submarine force - the independent Navy submarine brigade was established, under the two old-fashioned small submarines - "11" and "12 New China". Although the two submarines are old and small, is very significant, because the significance of this since the late Qing Dynasty, China's naval personnel spend years struggling submarine dream for the first time come true. The history of the Chinese navy, naval personnel had repeatedly asked the funds to purchase submarines to defend the country. According to unconfirmed reports in the Taiwan military magazine said: full before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese navy had ordered was very state-of-the-art German submarine, to deal with the brutal invasion of Japan. Unfortunately, the submarine was detained in Germany and later for the Atlantic submarine warfare. After World War II, the United States to halt the rise of the Chinese navy, specified in the Kuomintang navy naval equipment: the largest surface ship only to the frigate, never to above destroyer ships; guns only to 4 inches (105 mm) guns, decision do not give more than 5 inches (127 mm) guns; submarine is still state-of-the-art weapons is absolutely not to. Members of the modern naval ship "- warships," boat "- lightweight boat, this is the explanation for the" ship "and" boat "in the dictionary. While in the Navy in the array, the different kinds of ships feature diversity, division of tasks, the distinction absolutely not that simple. National Defense University Professor Li Daguang recent the modern naval family several key members of the Xinhua News Agency reporters were introduced. "Sea generalists" - destroyers, the "the territorial seas guards" - frigates, "rushing Xiao Qiang" - landing ship, the "the underwater ghost" - submarine, "sea land" - an aircraft carrier. Destroyers, frigates landing ship Submarine aircraft carrier Fleet Overview Fleet of the Chinese Navy the resident Zhubo port naval base defense and regional scale North Sea Fleet in Qingdao Qingdao, Jiaonan, Port Arthur, Huludao, Weihai, Chengshan Lushun Base (jurisdiction of Dalian, Yingkou Marine District); Qingdao base (jurisdiction of Weihai, of Jiaonan water police district); the Huludao bases (jurisdiction Qinhuangdao, Tianjin Marine ) Lianyungang north of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea defense missions has 330 ships, a detachment of destroyers, a frigate detachment, a nuclear submarine detachment, a conventional submarine detachment, a missile boats, minesweepers, submarine chasers, torpedo speedboat detachment, in addition to a landing ship brigade. South of the East China Sea Fleet, Ningbo, Shanghai, Wusong, Zhoushan, Dinghai, Hangzhou, Shanghai base (Lianyungang jurisdiction, Wusong water police districts); Zhoushan base (jurisdiction dinghai, Wenzhou water police district); Fujian base (exempted Ningde, Xiamen Marine region) of Lianyungang defense missions in the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait to the north of Nanao Island 600 ships, a destroyer, frigate mixed detachment, a frigate detachment, a submarine detachment, a landing flotillas, a missile boats, minesweepers, submarine chasers, torpedo boats, etc. a speedboat detachment. South Sea Fleet Zhanjiang Zhanjiang, Shantou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Yulin, Beihai, Huangpu Zhanjiang Base (jurisdiction, Zhanjiang, Beihai Marine District); Guangzhou-based (jurisdiction Huangpu, Shantou Marine District); Yulin base the (jurisdiction Haikou, Xisha Marine District ); ships Nanao Island in Hong Kong to Western Nankai including defense tasks of the Xisha, Nansha Islands 300 ships, a destroyer detachment, a frigates detachment, a nuclear submarine conventional submarines mixed detachment, a conventional submarine detachment, a landing flotillas, as well as a missile boats, minesweepers, submarine chasers, torpedo boat detachment. Drawings upload pictures oriented the entries add video and Photos related images Entertainment yacht + latent ... College students self-made multi-function ... Submarine aircraft carriers in the future ... Beekman scientific world, ... Secret glass fiber Hi-Tech ... Official pictures: China Sea ... Secret Soviet secret submarine ... 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