Voyager 1

Voyager 1 (Voyager 1) is an unmanned outer solar system space probe, weighing 815 kg, was launched on September 5, 1977. It visited Jupiter and Saturn, the first clear photo of their high-resolution satellite. It is the farthest away from the Earth and fastest flight the artificial aircraft, flying out of the solar system in the true sense, for the first time into the galaxy space. Voyager 1 and its sister ship Voyager 2 the plutonium battery (carry nuclear-powered battery) will continue until 2025. When the battery is exhausted, they will stop working, and will continue to advance toward the center of the Milky Way. June 14, 2012, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced, "Voyager 1 spacecraft, flying approximately $ 17.7 billion km trek after 33 years, is already close to the solar system edge.
Chinese name: the Voyager 1 spacecraftForeign Name: Voyager 1Membership organizations: the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)Manufacturing Country: United States
 NSSDC ID: 1977-084ASisters detectors: Voyager 2Launch time: September 5, 1977

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Basic introductionMission objectivesFlight biographical launchVisit JupiterVisit SaturnInterplanetary explorationHeliospheric topGalaxy edgeEquipped itemsExpand basic introductionMission objectivesFlight biographical launchVisit JupiterVisit SaturnInterplanetary explorationHeliospheric topGalaxy edgeEquipped itemsExpand basic introduction to this paragraph Voyager 1 (Voyager 1), formerly known as the United States, "the sailor" sailor "is a no in the space flight of the Voyager 1 spacecraftPeople outside the solar system, the nuclear-powered space probe, carrying 105 kg of scientific instruments. Its main body is a flat surface prisms 10, the top equipped with a parabolic antenna having a diameter of 3.7 meters, about each extending on both sides of a cantilever, a longer one is the backbone of the magnetometer, the shorter one is Scientific Instruments bracket. [1] Its flight speed than the cut-off to any man-made spacecraft faster point, so compared to its launch two weeks earlier sister ship Voyager 2 is always not go beyond it, even on Earth than two New Horizons spacecraft launch speed into space is also true. It's life that has benefited several times the gravitational acceleration. Voyager 1 is now in the the sun sphere of influence with the interstellar medium, will fly out of the solar system in the true sense of the 2012. Voyager 1 has entered the heliosheath, that is, between the terminal shock wave region between the solar system and interstellar matter. If Voyager 1 was effective in ultimately leaving the top of the heliosphere, the scientists will have the opportunity to measure for the first time to the actual situation of the interstellar matter. Need more than 16 hours to reach its controlled launch spacecraft signals sent[2] Centers for Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, in collaboration with the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. Voyager 1 runs along the hyperbolic orbits, and has reached the third cosmic speed. This track means he can no longer guide the spacecraft returning to the solar system has stopped operating, with no way to contact Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and its sister ship Voyager 2 become an interstellar space ship. May 7, 2012, according to NASA, Voyager One now has to fly to the edge of the solar system, will soon be pulled out of the solar system, the scope of a spaceship in stellar space travel, contact the dissemination of Earth culture and other universe biological services. As a sister probe Voyager 1, Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977 at the Kennedy Space Center successfully launched, initially the detector as the 12th sailor sailor plans. It became the travelers plan Voyager 1 (also called the sailors on the 11th) sisters detector. Voyager 2, Voyager 2 flew over NeptuneA somewhat different trajectory close to Saturn, in any case, close to Titan (Titan) gravitational gravitational slingshot, which later went on to fly to Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 2 in 1986 after Uranus, Neptune in 1989 after. Detector instrument has now closed, but it continues to probe the environment of the solar system. Edit this paragraph mission objectives Voyager 1 original main goal is to detect Jupiter and Saturn and its moons and rings. The task becomes the detection top solar wind, and solar wind particle measurements. The two Voyagers are three radioisotope thermoelectric generators as a power source. These generators have been well beyond the design life of at first, is generally believed that before about 2020, they can still provide enough electricity to power the spacecraft is able to continue contact with the Earth.Flight line (2) in February 2011, there are indications that the "transition zone" on the edge of the solar system, Voyager 1 has arrived at some point before the transition zone is the end of the junction of the solar system and interstellar space Office. Now, Voyager 1 has arrived at the boundary, that is, it will soon enter interstellar space. Once into interstellar space, Voyager 1 will need 40,000 years to reach the next line galaxies. As for the battery on Voyager 1, scientists say, carrying two nuclear detector battery to ensure that it continues to fly to 2025. Once the battery is depleted, Voyager 1 will continue to advance to the center of the galaxy and never come back. [3] space travel log at 12:56 on September 5th 1977 the Cape Canaveral Air Force Base in the United States starting to leave the Earth. December 1977 to catch up with the first step to leave the Earth's twin brother, Voyager 2. September 1978, leaving the asteroid belt. March 1979 at close range "visit" Jupiter, see Jupiter back the sunny side of Aurora. November 1980 at close range "visits" Saturn sent back more than 10,000 color photos. 1989 to advance to the direction of the center of the galaxy. May 2012 to reach the solar system edge. Edit this paragraph flight biographical launchVoyager 1 was originally planned to belong to the sailor's sailor plans 11 spacecraft, its design takes advantage of belonging to the then new technology gravitational acceleration. "Voyager" spacecraft prototypeFortunately, this task happened to the geometric arrangement of the planets of the 176-year return period. The spacecraft only need a small amount of fuel as a fairway correction, the rest of the time can make use of the various planets gravitational acceleration, the spacecraft will be able to visit the four gas planets in the solar system: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Two sister ship Voyager 1 and 2 to this opportunity and design, the launch time is calculated in order to try to take full advantage of this opportunity. Also thanks to this opportunity to give them, the two spacecraft only need to spend 12 years time will be able to visit the four planets, rather than the general 30 years. Voyager 1, September 5, 1977 in Cape Canaveral, Florida, is equipped with a Titan 3 E Centaur rocket was launched. Just Voyager 2 shortly after the launch on August 20 the same year. Although the launch time as compared to the 2nd, but it seems to be launched into faster track into it a little faster than the 2nd to reach Jupiter and Saturn. Initially, about a second in the second stage of the the Titan 3 E rocket combustion process burning inadequate, the ground staff had to worry about not therefore for the spacecraft to reach Jupiter. Later fortunately confirmed in the the Centauri upper combustion still enough fuel Youdou in.Visit Jupiter
Photographs taken around Jupiter (10) after the launch of the Voyager 1, for the first time in January 1979, Jupiter shooting. From Jupiter closest to March 5, the same year, only 349,000 km from the center of Jupiter. So close to skip the spacecraft in close flight time of 48 hours, to be the satellite of Jupiter, ring, magnetic field and radiation environment for in-depth understanding and high resolution shooting. The entire shooting process eventually completed in April. The two spacecraft made many important discoveries of Jupiter and its moons, the most surprising is the discovery of volcanic activity on Io. This was not observed on Earth, and even the Pioneer 10 and 11 not been observed.Visit SaturnSmoothly by the gravitational pull of Jupiter, the spacecraft is marching toward the direction of the Saturn.Shooting photos of Saturn (2) Voyager 1 in November 1980, skip Saturn closest to Saturn on November 12, 124,000 km (77,000 miles) or less from Saturn highest clouds. The spacecraft detected the complex structure of Saturn's rings, and observations of Titan's atmosphere. Control officers eventually discovered Titan has a thick atmosphere, Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Voyager 1 approached the point Titan research and subsequently terminated, it continues to visit the other two planets. The results of the task had handed over to visit Uranus and Neptune Voyager 2. The near Titan's decision to make the spacecraft by the additional gravitational influence, and finally to the spacecraft left the ecliptic, terminated its exploration of planetary missions.Interplanetary explorationLeave the Saturn, Voyager 1 is described by NASA for interplanetary exploration missions. Estimated the two travelers spacecraft on batteries, are able to provide enough electricity to 2025, the operation of the ship for part of the instrument. (Note: in the following table to stop data terminal ready operation "showed that only 1.4 yuan per second to 70 m / 34 m antenna array to receive information) loss of function timetable Year stop operation due to limited power functionThe ion subsystem operation of stop, etc.2008 stop planetary radio astronomy experiment2010 stop scanning platform and ultraviolet spectrometer observations2015 stops the operation of the data tape (70 m/34 m antenna array receiving 1.4k bit rate data rate limitations determine which is the lowest rate of the tape drive is able to read data.)About 2016 to stop the operation of the gyroscopeScientific Instruments (2020 begin to close until March 18, 2008, close order is still undecided, but the low-energy charged particles, cosmic rays subsystem, magnetometer and plasma wave subsystem instruments are expected to continue to run)2025 or after, there is not enough power supply for any single instrument
Heliospheric topVoyager 1 is in the heliosheath (Heliosheath) Voyager 1 positive interstellar space marching instruments on board will continue to study the solar system. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of science are contained in the ship's plasma wave experiment to verify the presence of the top of the heliosphere. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory science believe that in February 2003, Voyager 1 has entered the Voyager 1 spacecraft arrived at the edge of the solar system schematic diagramTerminal shock wave region. However, some scientists expressed doubts on November 6, 2003, the prestigious scientific journal "Nature". In the morning of May 25, 2005, in New Orleans held a scientific meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), Dr. Ed Situo En submitted was in December 2004, Voyager 1 to leave the terminal the shockwave evidence "SH22A-01". Due to the the onboard solar wind detector as early ceased operation in 1990, so this discussion has not concluded a few months later, had to look forward to other information to hand so far. The final NASA press release will be issued in May 2005, said to have been a consensus Voyager 1 in the heliosheath. The scientists believe that the spacecraft will arrive in 2015, the top of the heliosphere, the edge of the solar system. The help of the Cassini spacecraft, ground control center of NASA's Voyager probes and analysis of the Voyager 1 spacecraft returned data, found sometime before Voyager 1 has entered the solar system and interstellar space the boundaries of this point in time than previously thought before the lot, which also makes scientists feel to accidents, the detector aboard the 1977 launch, has experienced 33 years of space flight, to fly out of the solar system will be the true meaning of 2012 . The research results have been published in the latest Nature magazine. Jet Propulsion Laboratory reporting: low-energy charged particles in the detector instrument data received from the Voyager 1 probe, low-energy charged particles emitted by the sun stream arrival at the location of Voyager 1, its speed has been reduced zero. In February 2011, the solar wind has begun to stagnate. From the these indications point of view, the Voyager 1 spacecraft has arrived at a time before the "transition zone" on the edge of the solar system, the transition zone is the final at the junction of the solar system and interstellar space. [4] Once into interstellar space, "Voyager 1 will take 40,000 years to reach the next line galaxies. Therefore, as the late American astronomer, science writer Carl Edward Sagan said, the only advanced life capable of space travel in interstellar space, the detector on the album might encounter targeted and play. But Carl still spoke highly of the significance of this move, he said, promising that the future of life on this planet (Earth) or to the vastness of the universe, "launch this thing." (Note: The contents of November 2011 written in the 7th month) Voyager 1 is equipped with gold plateIn this process, the Cassini probe ion and neutral particle mass spectrometer has played a big role, the particle mass spectrometer data have never been mentioned in public, its main role is to collect from outside the solar system into the solar system neutral The data of the particle. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland, is the of the the Cassini detector the magnetosphere analyzer and ion and neutral particle mass spectrometer data analysis, combined with Voyager 1 low energy charged particle detector on the edge of the solar system Charged Particle distribution concluded. This is the time Earth and in the solar system border exchange of information, and also the first time that Voyager 1 arrived at the transition area in advance. November 7, 2011, the Voyager 1 position in ascension 17.184, Declination at 12.14 ° and 34.9 ° latitude position in the ecliptic, Earth observation point of view it is toward the Ophiuchus forward about 119.488 astronomical units from Earth. The speed of light communication in radio signals between the spacecraft and the Earth took about 16.13 hours. (An example for comparison from the Sun and the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, about 4.2 light years from Earth is 260,005 thousand astronomical units) Voyager 1 relative speed of 17.062 km / s or 61,452 km / hour (about 38,185 miles / hour). This speed is about 3.599 astronomical units per year, 10% faster than the sister No. Voyager 2. . Voyager 1 and not toward any particular constellation forward in this position and velocity, 40,000 years later, it will be in a distance of 1.6 light years through Ophiuchus AC +79 3888 stars, 70003 16 years Centauri Proxima. This stellar largely in terms of the speed of 119 kilometers per second toward the solar system mobile. Every day to NASA Deep Space Network tracking the Voyager 1, the network Voyager 1 radio signals to measure the altitude and azimuth, and will measure the distance between the Earth and Voyager 1 . Voyager 1 card equipped with humanMarch 31, 2006, from the German AMSAT (Amateur Radio Satellite Communications Organization) track and receive data from the Voyager 1 in Bochum use a 20-meter dish antenna with long observation time technology. Subsequently those data with the Deep Space Network in the data obtained by the observation station in Madrid, Spain proofreading and verification.Galaxy edgeJune 17, 2012, in the United States, California, United States Space Agency (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a statement, launched in 1977, the Voyager 1 probe sent back data show that it has arrived in the solar system edge. Lonely travel in space, 35 years of detectors will be out of the solar system is expected to become the first man-made object. Time to remove the message spread Voyager 1 reaches the edge of the solar system time in May 2012. Space Agency, said the past three years, the two high-energy telescope carried on the Voyager 1 received a growing number of cosmic rays, last month, a sharp increase in the number of cosmic rays from outside the solar system. In addition, the number of energetic particles detector sensed changes, decreased the number of these particles from the sun. Based on these data, the the project scientists concluded: "The human sent a messenger to the interstellar space has the edge of the solar system. "Voyager project scientist Ed Stone said, the laws of physics that Voyager 1 will become the first man-made object into outer space in the future one day, but the exact date is still unable to determine. [5] "Voyager 1, the closer to the edge of the solar wind, the more cosmic particles that penetrate the filter on the detector device. May 7, 2012, a phenomenon suddenly intensified. Stabilized in early July, and this can only be interpreted as' travelers '1 junction through the solar system and interstellar matter. In theory here is a narrow unstable region, which is known as the 'top' sun layer. Exciting moment to fly out of the solar system in the detector, because this is the first man-made object out of the solar system. NASA measurement tools confirmed "travelers" fly out of the solar system, we will be able to eventually learned the exact volume of the solar system. Now know that its thickness is about 0.5 astronomical units (an astronomical unit is the average distance of the Earth to the sun, about 150 million kilometers) from the sun 120 astronomical units [6]. Edit this paragraph carry items traveler gold record in 2006, the Voyager probes will be the third and fourth pieces of man-made objects to leave the entire solar system. In fact, the Pioneer program has long been in the 10th and the 11th in 1972 and 1973, respectively, was launched into space earlier than the Voyager probes from the gravitational pull of the sun, and they launched pioneers to be carrying a small gold-plated aluminum plate to the time and place, in order to be found in the near future their space explorers identification. Pioneers example, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration to design a more complex and detailed message board, placed on top of the Voyager probes. The new message board is more like a time capsule, we human beings living in the world intend to tell the other creatures of the outer space. Carrying a copper disk LP Voyager 1, it has a 12-inch thick, gold-plated surface, built-diamond phonograph needle. This means that even after billions of years, the sound quality of the album is still new. Its contents include greeting and all kinds of music, with 55 kinds of human language recording disk 115 images, including pictures of the solar system planets, images and descriptions of the human sex organs, Voyager 1 carry plated copper recordThese data is intended to express the human greetings to the "alien". Very unfamiliar language of ancient Mesopotamia 达米亚阿卡 the language included in the 55 kinds of human language, as well as four dialects (Mandarin, Xiamen, Guangdong, Wu). Greeting: "the children of the planet Earth () to say hello to you. The album also includes the following: when he was the greeting of the United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. The greetings of the then U.S. President Jimmy Carter, is: "This is a gift from a remote little world. Inscribed with our voices, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and feelings We are trying to have lived our times, enter your age record within a 90-minute vocal highlights, including the various sounds of the Earth's natural world as well as 27 international hits, including Chinese opera and ancient classical "Mountain and Flowing Water "Mozart's" The Magic Flute "and the Japanese Shakuhachi song. A total of 115 images, the pictures of the planets of the solar system, the human reproductive organs images and descriptions. [7] In addition, the album covers, including a high-purity uranium 238. Since the known decay half-life of plutonium-239 is about 4.17 billion years, so captured extraterrestrial life to the launch date of the detector Based on projections of this album. The following are 55 kinds of language included in the Gold Record recording language: Chinese Yue (Cantonese)) Xiamen dialect of Aramaic ArmenianBengali Burmese Czech Dutch EnglishArabic French German Greek GujaratiHebrew, Hindi West Taiwanese Hungarian JapaneseIra tribe verbal Indonesian Korean Latin Uganda languageItalian Kannada Marathi Nguni language Qiqie Wa languageThe Akkadian Aulia language Nepali Persian PolishPortuguese Punjabi Quechua Russian Romania languageThe Rajasthani language Serbo - Croatian Sinhala Sesotho SpanishSumerian Swedish Telugu Thai TurkishUkrainian Urdu Vietnamese Welsh


 Wu (Chinese dialect)


 90 minutes of vocal highlights of the album song collection of classical music of different cultures, including: Germany - Bach F major, the first movement of the Second Brandenburg Concerto, played by the Munich Bach Orchestra, Karl Richter conductor. 4 minutes and 40 seconds Java - types of flowers, gamelan played by Pura Paku Alaman by the KRT W gold record about one of the pictures in China - Great Wallasitodipuro guidance, recorded by Robert Brown. 4 minutes and 43 seconds Senegal - Percussion by recording of Charles Du Lauderdale (Charles Duvelle). 2 minutes 08 seconds of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - of Pygmy Women's founding song, recorded by Colin Turnbull. 56 seconds Australia - Australian Aboriginal song "Morning Star" and "evil bird", recorded by Sandra LeBrun Holmes. 1 minute 26 seconds - "El Cascabel" (doorbell), Mexico played by Lorenzo Barcelata Mariachi México. 3 minutes and 14 seconds - "Johnny B. Goode" by Chuck Berry, composer and played. 2 minutes 38 seconds of New Guinea - the men's house song, recorded by Robert MacLennan. 1 minutes and 20 seconds - the shakuhachi "巣 air gap, Crane の も ri" (crane nests), played by Yamaguchi Goro. 4 minutes and 51 seconds Germany / Belgium - Bach's "Gavotte en rondeaux (roundabout Golden Harvest Dance) from the violin E major Suite No. 3, played by Arthur Grumiaux. 2 minutes and 55 seconds, Austria / Germany - Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte" (The Magic Flute), on the 14th night after aria, soprano Mozer, by the Bavarian State Opera, directed by Wolfgang Sava Jülich . 2 minutes and 55 seconds Georgia - Chorus "Tchakrulo", extracted from Moscow radio. 2 minutes and 18 seconds - Pan Flute and drums, as extracted from the house of culture, Lima in Peru. 52 seconds - Moody Blues, played by Louis Armstrong and his band. 3 minutes and 5 seconds of Azerbaijan - bagpipes Ugam "recorded by the Moscow radio. 2 minutes and 30 seconds in Russia / France / United States - Stella Stravinsky "The Rite of Spring" Ancient Dance, Columbia Symphony Orchestra, directed by Stravinsky. 4 minutes and 35 seconds of Germany / Canada - Bach for piano by the law of averages Volume C Prelude and Fugue No. by Glen Gould piano playing. 4 minutes and 48 seconds of Germany / England - Beethoven, "the first movement of the Fifth Symphony, the Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Otto Klemperer. 7 minutes and 20 seconds in Bulgaria - "Излел е Делю хайдутин" (Izlel je Delyo Hajdutin) by Valya Balkanska concert. 4 minutes and 59 seconds - Navajo Indians, Nocturne, recorded by Luo Disi. 57 seconds England - Anthony · Huo Boen, fairies around the "from" Pavan dance, triple time dance, folk dance in Germany and other short melody ", played by David Monroe and of London Ancient Music Ensemble. 1 minute, 17 seconds, the Solomon Islands - Pan Flute, extracted from the Solomon Islands Broadcasting Service. 1 minutes and 12 seconds Peru - marry song recorded by high John. 38 seconds - the Guqin "Mountain and Flowing Water", Guan Pinghu by Boya composer, played. 7 minutes 37 seconds India - 100 Lamy Raja, "Jaat Kahan Ho" by composer Surshri Kesar Bai Kerkar. 3 minutes and 30 seconds - "dark night, cold plains", by blind Willie composer and played. 3 minutes and 15 seconds of Germany / Hungary - Beethoven "in B flat major String Quartet 13" works 130 solo cavatina by the Budapest String Quartet playing. 6 minutes and 37 seconds to burn picturesGold disc contains pictures (12) gold plate above picture is a picture to reflect the status and characteristics of human civilization, but also deliberately not published on the nuclear explosion mushroom cloud, about the image of poverty and disease.